Economics of Immigration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economics of Immigration - Research Paper Example One of the most important reasons as to why I chose this topic therefore is to understand the dynamics behind the economic impact of immigrants on the economy. The reason why I m choosing this topic is based on the assumption that the flow of qualified, skilled as well as unskilled labor actually contribute towards the economic progress of any country. The typical topic of my paper therefore is to assess the impact of Mexican immigrants on the economy of US. One of the major sources in this regard is the work done by Robert J Shapiro on the impact of immigration on the wages of the American workers. Though this work is not specific to Mexican immigrants however, it provides a general overview of the impact of immigration on the economy. Empirical and Theoretical Evidence There are many studies which have either supported the role of immigrants in any economy or rejected their impact on the economy. Shapiro’s study suggest that less than 57% immigrants come from Mexico or Latin American countries therefore making Europe and Asia are the major areas from where the recent immigrants are migrant towards America. (Shapiro). It is however, important to note that the major influx of immigrants in American came during 1881 and 1924 when more than 25 millions people immigrated to America for better future and new prospects. However, this flow was restricted after that period and due to changes in the immigration laws, the new flow of immigrants started to emerge after 1965. Since the last decade of 20th century and in the first decade of 21st Century, America is believed to have received more than 1 million immigrants mostly from Mexico and other Latin American countries. (Bodvarsson and Berg) The evidence of the economic earning of the immigrants in US showed somewhat erratic results as during 1970s’ an ordinary immigrant, on average, earned 1 % more than the native citizens however, this trend shifted during 1990s when natives were earning almost 15% hig her than the immigrants. This decline in the wage rates and earnings of the individuals therefore also reignited the long debate as to whether the immigrants should be allowed to enter into the country. This was owing to the fact that lower wages demanded by immigrants also lowered the wages for the native citizens. (Borjas) Some studies suggest that the immigrants tend to cluster themselves in certain geographical locations and live in groups. It was estimated that during 1990, more than 70% of the population of the immigrants lived only in six different States of US. This concentration of immigrants therefore also gives rise to the unique interpretation of the fact that immigrants tend to concentrate themselves in regions with most prospects to get jobs or related work. Studies however, also show that due to this concentration, the overall impact of the immigrants on the wage rates for the native citizens is relatively small. Though there is a strong correlation between the wage r ates of both however, this correlation is showing relatively small differentials in the wage rates of the immigrants as well as the native citizens. (Borjas, 2001) There are also two important perceptions about the immigrants and their impact on the economy. The firms or producers view

The Effects of Computers on Today's Society Coursework

The Effects of Computers on Today's Society - Coursework Example Refrigerators use built-in computers to regulate the temperature, cars have computers in the form of anti-locking breaking systems and engine controls and smart phones also make use of some very sophisticated computer technology to safe keep our contacts, music and pictures (Frisicaro et al n.d). The biggest advantage of computers is the ease with which knowledge can be made available to the masses. Whether it is journals, databases, blogs or newspapers; anyone with a connection to the internet can now have a wealth of information on their fingertips. Search engines make it easier to look for information. Computer and internet technology has specially changed the nature of education (Frisicaro et al n.d). Students are learning in a whole new fashion which could not have been thought of before the advent of computers. They can now design models, run simulations, conduct extensive research and become a part of the global information revolution at the few clicks of a mouse (Kashmanian, 2000). Research also suggests that personal computers have had a huge impact on students’ decision to graduate from high school. Students who have had access to computers show better academic performance and achieve better test scores (Beltran et al 2008). Computers have completely changed the way we read and write. Now thanks to word processors, spelling mistakes are a thing of the past and even most celebrated writers now prefer electronic writing over traditional text. Computers are also a great interpersonal medium, enhancing our conversations through emails, discussion groups and chat rooms (Ferris, 2002). But despite all the goodness of computers, there are some major drawbacks. Thanks to all the word processors, the ability to express clearly without computers has become virtually nonexistent. Chat rooms and emails have done more damage to our writing and conversation skills than anything else. The Net-Generation speaks in abbreviations and shorthand that are wreaking havoc on language skills. Young children learn this language from an early age which effectively destroys their command over English language. Computer games and the internet mean that children as well as adults these days are spending all their time in front of the computer screen. Physical activity has become virtually non-existent; this is leading to many health issues. As these children grow up, this habit has taken hold and they continue to lead this computer-oriented lifestyle for the rest of their lives (Frisicaro et al n.d..). Office goers often complain of physiological problems such as Repetitive Strain Injuries, Carpel Tunnel Syndrome and DeQuervains Tendonitis which are brought on by non-stop use of computers. But there is an even darker side to the health issue. Computers are now known to cause some very serious psychological problems as well. The first issue is that computers can cause an alienation from society, many computer users are not able to function in social s ettings and are completely dependent on computers for any interaction they have with the world at large. Another issue is stress and burnout brought on by using computers for extended periods of time. Stress can also be brought on trying to keep up with the constant changes in computer technology. Computer addiction is also a very common psychological disorder in our society. People who suffer from it are always online and in search of the latest game, program or any other addiction that may keep them hooked

Stalking Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stalking - Research Paper Example Any violence the victim relates, past or present, should be taken seriously. Stalkers will only become more violent if violence is already present. Damaged property should be taken seriously only after violence. The pattern of stalking can be very important in predicting future attacks. Any stalker information can help create a profile. This profile can put the stalkers in one of five categories. Davis (2005) reports the five categories as: 5. The predator. This is about sex gratification, control, and violence. The stalker doesnt necessarily know the victim. The victim may not know she is being stalked. But a predator plans their attack, rehearses it, has lots of sexual fantasies about it. The intake form above creates an evaluation as unique as the assessment. This type of form will need to be assessed and evaluated based on the answers. Since the answers are going to vary, the evaluations will also vary. If the assessment above finds violence, property destruction, and the characteristics of the predator or intimacy-seeking stalker, these should be given priority. These stalkers will not go away or stop. If there is no violence, property destruction, and the characteristics of a resentful stalker, these should be given less priority. However, every stalker has the potential to be violent. Each case should be studied individually. In conclusion, it should be noted that not every stalker will be stopped. Some cases will end up in fatalities, casualties, and other harm done. Some cases will be solved and the behavior stopped. There is no assessment and evaluation miracle. Not all behavior can be predicted. The above intake, assessment, and evaluation should be used as tool. It should never be used to convict a stalker. It should only predict

French writing Essay Example for Free

French writing Essay Aujourdhui je vais parler de Chris Dean qui est un basketteur ami ricain qui est ni le dix-huit juin 1981 dans lOhio. Di s son plus jeune i ge, il a montri son talent pour le basket-ball et na pas arri ti de sameliorer afin quil devienne le meilleur. Chris a assisti Schol haute St Mary i Akron, oi en tant que freshman premii re anni e, il becams un starter pour leur i quipe premii re, il affiche en moyenne vingt-et-un points par match et a meni une victoire record. Dean a conduit ila St Mary vicroties consi cutives et a   surnommi Mr Basketball et becams le premier joueur de St Marie i i tre si lectionni pour jouer pour les Etats-Unis i quipe premii re. Doyens stats contunued pour ami liorer jusqui ce quil soit attribui gatorate nationales joueur de lanni e et quil i tait i ce moment son nouveau surnom King Dean est devenu un aliment de base des mi nages dans lOhio. Dean a continui ami liorer sa troisii me saison il affiche en moyenne 39 points par match et asurnommi Monsieur basket pour une troisii me anni e consi cutive et a i ti si lectionni pour li quipe ami ricaine dabord un temps de unpresidented tiers. Dean a aussi joui au football ami ricain, tout au St Mary et a i ti li cole receveur i claireurs beaucoup ont dit quil aurait pu jouer la NFL sil avait continui. Dean a fait ses di buts dabord dans 2003 quand il a i? si lectionni par le Caveliers Cleavland dans le projet de joueur. Plus tard dans la saison, Dean mener la caveliers i une victoire de point de 41 et becams le plus jeune joueur i marquer quarante points dans un match. Il a i ti nommi recrue MBA de lanni e en vue de ce fait. Dean a continui i jouer pour la Caveliers pour sept saisons jusqui ce quil soit transfi ri i la chaleur de Miami en 2010 pour un record de 19. 000. 000 dollars, ce qui est la plus grosse somme jamais consacri i un joueur. Plus tard cette anni e, il a i ti surnommi joueur le plus utile MBA. Plus tard dans la saison, Dean a accompli sa plus grande riussite et a termini premier dans la ligue de MBA pour la premii re fois, en moyenne 33 points par match, i galant Michael Jordens enregistrer et i venir en avance sur le li gendaire Wade Dwayne qui a termini deuxii me avec 29 points par match. Dean est actuellement incontesti dans le haut de la table MBA ligue avec une i tonnante des points par match et 39 personnes encore lappeler roi doyen En 2011 Dean est marii? Sophie Millard et ils ont eu deux enfants. Je pense que dans la saison ivenir Dean tentera dami liorer ses statistiques encore plus et peut-i tre une moyenne de quarante points par match, battant le record de Michael Jordan du 39. Jai i crit au sujet de Chris Dean parce quil a i ti mon basketteur pri fi ri depuis quil a commenci sa carrii re et il ma inspiri pour prendre le jeu, et, ce faisant, jai accompli de nombreuses ri alisations de la mienne, par exemple jouer pour Kent club de basket, je lespi re de continuer i soutenir le doyen jusqui sa retraite du basket-ball.

College Life :: essays research papers

When I came to Reinhardt College, I had to meet new people. I had to meet new teachers, coaches, and students. One coach who stood out to me is coach Jonathan Lenarz. He is the Reinhardt soccer coach and teaches Reinahardt Orientation and Wellness. There are many things that I can say about Jonathan Lenarz, like he is a careing, understanding, and intelligent person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Caring is a great way to decribe a coach because he looks out for players on his team and also anyone who is around him. Coach Lenarz is the kind of person who tries to help students in anyway that he can. He is always giving a helping hand. In fact, Coach always tells the guys on the team that if they need someone to talk to they can always go talk to him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also, Coach is the kind of person that one can talk to about anything that is going on in one's life. He will not make juddgemants, even if it is something that is pretty bad. After talking to Coach, it seems like he always knows just what to say and when.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Coach is a very intelligent person. He always knows how to explain directions to everyone. Explaining directions is not always easy, because not everyone understands the first time. For example we have many foriegn players on our team this season and not all of them can speak nor understand English very well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another instructer that I have meet since I have been at Reinhardt College is my Western Civilization teacher, Sean Martin. Dr. Martin is very intelligent, but sometimes that can be a great thing and a bad thing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dr. Martin is one of the smartest teachers that I have ever had . A student could probably ask him any question about history, and he would know the answer. I believe that it very important for a teacher to know what he is talking about. Then there is another side to being too intelligent. One reason that it is not always a great thing is because a very intelligent teacher can go way to fast for some people.

Educational Psychologists Essay

Lawrence Kohlberg’s view on Moral Development and Education has widened the view in the study of educational psychology. His theory provided new inputs in understanding the manner that individuals acquire information and learn. By defining these process through three important stages namely pre conventional level, conventional level, and post conventional level (UC Berkeley, 2008). It is through this that he ascertains how individuals gain moral maturity and the capacity to respond to others and develop relationships. Assessing Kohlberg’s contribution to educational psychology, he tried to critique the traditional system of teaching especially in shaping and honing moral values. Rather than shaping students, it only forces them to achieve a specific values mandated or dictated by the educator or the curriculum. It is in here that he tries to promote the concept of moral education. The particular process involves immersing students towards effectively utilizing moral discipline so as to help students react effectively based on their current reasoning (UC Berkeley, 2008). In essence, Kohlberg’s contribution revolves around his out-of-the-box approach in dealing with educational methods. Rather than being strict with these policies, he reinvented the process of moral reasoning and acquisition of values by collaborating new means to create collective norms. Given this process, students then become more reactive in dealing with the manner students react to specific moral issues responsibly. Seeing this, the work of Kohlberg is an expansion on the view of Piaget’s and often critiqued to be mainly an extension of what Piaget provides. However, Kohlberg tries to step away from this by trying to define and argue that the central element of moral development is a concrete facet different from what Piaget points out. At the same time, he tries to showcase his perspective on how collective and responsive the acquisition of morality must be. It must not only come from one source but rather through a collective undertaking. References UC Berkeley (2008) Moral Development and Moral Education: An Overview. Retrieved from http://tigger. uic. edu/~lnucci/MoralEd/overview. html#kohlberg

Motivation in Supervision

The term motivation is derived from the Latin verb movere (to move). The idea of movement is reflected in such commonsense ideas about motivation as something that gets us going, keeps us moving, and helps us get jobs done. Conversely, we know we are not motivated when we cannot seem to get out of bed or off the sofa.Despite these commonly held ideas, definitions of motivation are numerous and varied, and there is much disagreement over the precise nature of motivation. Although there is disagreement about the precise nature of motivation, this paper offer a general definition of motivation that is consistent with the cognitive focus of this paper on learners’ thoughts and beliefs and hat captures the elements considered by most researchers and practitioners to be central to motivation. Motivation is the process whereby goal-directed activity is instigated and sustained.Motivation involves goals that provide impetus for and direction to action. Cognitive views of motivation ar e united in their emphasis on the importance of goals. Goals may not be well formulated and may change with experience, but the point is that individuals have something in mind that they are trying to attain (or avoid).Motivation requires activity—physical or mental. Physical activity entails effort, persistence, and other overt actions. Mental activity includes such cognitive actions as planning, rehearsing, organizing, monitoring, making decisions, solving problems, and assessing progress. The activities that students engage in are geared toward attaining their goals.Finally, we highlight that motivated activity is both instigated and sustained. Starting toward a goal is important and often difficult because it involves making a commitment to change and taking the first step. But motivational processes are critically important to sustain action. Many major goals are long-term, for example, earning a college degree, obtaining a good job, and saving money for retirement. Much of what we know about motivational processes comes from studying how people respond to the difficulties, problems, failures, and setbacks they encounter as they pursue goals over time.II. DiscussionA. Motivation Research paradigmsResearchers employ different research paradigms to investigate motivational processes. For example, there is a distinction between correlational and experimental studies. Correlational research deals with relations that exist between variables. A researcher may hypothesize that motivation is positively correlated with (related to) perceived capabilities such that the more confidence individuals have in their learning abilities, the higher is their motivation. To test this relation, the researcher might measure individuals’ perceived capabilities and their motivation as demonstrated on a task. The researcher could statistically correlate the perceived capability and motivation scores to determine the nature and strength of the relation.Pintrich and D e Groot (2000a) conducted a correlational study that explored the relations among motivational, cognitive, and academic performance variables. The motivational beliefs component assessed three factors: self-efficacy, (perceptions of capabilities), intrinsic value (importance), and test anxiety. The learning strategies component comprised two factors: cognitive strategy use and self-regulation.Correlations among intrinsic value, self-efficacy, strategy use, and self-regulation were positive and significant. Test anxiety showed a significant, negative correlation with self-efficacy; correlations of test anxiety with all other variables were nonsignificant.The researchers also computed correlations among these five variables and measures of academic performance: in-class seatwork and homework, quizzes and tests, essays and reports, grades. Intrinsic value, self-efficacy, and self-regulation correlated positively with academic measures except performance measures; strategy use correlate d positively with all academic performance measures; strategy use correlated positively with academic measures except   for seatwork (nonsignificant); test anxiety was negatively correlated with grades and quiz/test scores.This study was correlational because Pintrich and De Groot looked at the existing relations among variables and did not attempt to alter them. The results show that motivational variables relate in important ways to cognitive factors contributing to classroom success (strategy use-self-regulation) and to measures of academic performance.In an experimental study, the researcher actually alters one or more variables and determines the effects on other variables. A researcher interested in the effects of perceived capabilities could conduct an experimental study by systematically altering these perceptions and gauging the effect on individual motivation. For example, the researcher might have a teacher systematically praise love-achieving individuals to raise their perceptions of capabilities and determine if this increase enhances motivation.Schunk (2002) conducted an experimental study that investigated how forms of effort attributional feedback influenced individuals’ achievement outcomes during learning. Individuals in lower years who lacked subtraction skills received instruction and practice opportunities over sessions. While individuals solved problems individually, an adult proctor periodically walked up to each individual and asked on what page in the instructional packet he or she was working.For some individuals (prior attribution), after they replied with the page number; the proctor linked their progress with effort by remarking, â€Å"You’ve been working hard.† For others (future attribution, the proctor stressed the value of future effort by stating, â€Å"You need to work hard.† Those in third condition (monitoring) were queried but the proctor departed without comment after the individual replied. Individuals in a fourth (control) condition were not monitored.This study was an experiment because Schunk altered the type of feedback individuals received and looked to see whether differential effects on achievement outcomes resulted. Schunk hypothesized, that prior attribution would be the most effective because it supports individuals’ perceptions of their progress in acquiring skills and conveys that they can continue to improve through effort. This prediction was supported.Prior-attribution individuals outperformed individuals in the other conditions on measures of self-efficacy and subtraction skill. Prior-attribution individuals also displayed higher motivation than did future-attribution and control individuals as assessed by the amount of problem solving during the independent practice portions of the sessions. The results of this study suggest that it is better to link individuals’ past success to effort than to stress the future benefits of hard work.Each type of research has advantages and disadvantages. Correlational research helps clarify relations among variables. Correlational findings often suggest directions for experimental research. The positive correlation obtained by Pintrich and De Groot between intrinsic value and academic performance suggests further research exploring whether increasing intrinsic value leads to higher achievement. A disadvantage of correlational research is that it cannot identify cause and effect. The positive correlation between intrinsic value and academic performance could mean that (a) intrinsic value affects academic performance, (b) academic performance influences intrinsic value, (c) intrinsic value and academic performance are each influenced by other, unmeasured variables (e.g., home factors).Experimental research can clarify cause-effect relations. By systematically varying type of feedback and eliminating other variables as potential causes, Schunk (2002) could specify how changes in attrib utional feedback affect achievement outcomes. Clarifying causal relations helps us understand the nature of motivation. At the same time, experimental research is often narrow is scope. Researchers typically vary only a few variables and try to hold all others constant, which is difficult to do and somewhat unrealistic.B. Qualitative/Interpretative ResearchIn recent years, another type of paradigm has gained currency among researchers. The theories and methods used are referred to various labels, including qualitative, ethnographic, participant observation, phenomenological, constructivist, and interpretative (Erickson, 2003).   These approaches differ from one another characterized by intensive study, descriptions of events, and interpretation of meanings. Such a research model is not new in the social sciences, but only recently has it been applied increasingly in supervision.Interpretative research is especially useful when researchers are interested in the structure of events rather than their overall distributions, when the meanings and perspectives of individuals are important, when actual experiments are impractical or unethical, and when there is a desire to search for new potential causal linkages that have not been unearthed by experimental methods, (Erickson, 2003).Moreover, qualitative/interpretive research yields rich sources of data that are much more intensive and thorough than those typically obtained in correlational or experimental research. This research paradigm also has the potential of raising new questions and new slants on old questions that often are missed by traditional methods. Because this approach is not concerned with the aggregation of usable knowledge for teaching practice, it is not a means for providing practical answers to teaching problems (Shulman, 2004).Studies usually are conducted with few participants, which raise the issue of whether findings are reliable and representative of the population being studied. Another c oncern is that if researchers do not attempt to interpret data in light of a theoretical framework, findings may not seem linked and interpretation may prove difficult. Nonetheless, as a research model, this tradition has provided much valuable data in the study of motivation, and its influence will continue to grow.III. ConclusionIn conclusion and in addition to the differences among experimental, correlational, and qualitative research, another distinction exists between laboratory studies conducted in controlled settings and field studies conducted where was conducted in laboratories using such infrahuman species as cats, dogs, and rats. Such research was appropriate given the influence of conditioning theories which contended that common processes occurred in animals and humans and that controlled experiments could help isolate these processes and eliminate extraneous influences. Motivation research also has employed human subjects in controlled laboratory environments. With the increasing emphasis on schooling and other applied settings, however; most current research is conducted in field settings. The Pintrich and De Groot (2000a), and Schunk (2002) studies are examples of field studies.Reference:1.Pintrich, P.R. & De Groot, E. (2000a). Individual differences in early adolescents’ motivation and self-regulated learning. Journal of early Adolescence, 14, 139-161.2.Schunk, D.H. (2002). Extended attributional feedback: Sequence effects during remedial reading instruction. Journal of Early Adolescence, 6, 55-66.3.Erickson, F. (2003). Qualitative methods in research on supervision. In M.C. Wittrock (ED.), Handbook research on supervision (3rd ed., pp. 119-161). New York: Macmillan.4.Shulman, L.S. (2004).   Paradigms and research programs in the study of teachings: A contemporary perspective. In M.C. Wittrock (ED.) Handbook of research on supervision (3rd) ed., pp. 3-36). New York: Macmillan.